TEMPOL is a superoxide dismutase mimetic that belongs to a class of non-thiol-containing radiation protectors, and has the ability to permeate the membrane. In the presence of TEMPOL, cerebral vessel remodeling is blocked and collagen IV mRNA expression levels are elevated in normotensive and hypertensive rat studies. TEMPOL has been shown to restore the oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction induced by TNF-α and in PC-12 cells has revealed neuroprotective effects. Additionally, it has shown to decrease blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in DOCA-salt rat studies.